来源维,基.百,科、

　　AngkorWat(Khmer:អង្គរវត្ត)isthelargest[1]Hindutemplecomplexintheworld,situatedatAngkor,Cambodia,builtbyKingSuryavarmanIIintheearly12thcenturyashisstatetempleandcapitalcity.Asthebest-preservedtempleatthesite,itistheonlyonetohaveremainedasignificantreligiouscentresinceitsfoundation–firstHindu,dedicatedtothegodVishnu,thenBuddhist.ThetempleisatthetopofthehighclassicalstyleofKhmerarchitecture.IthasbecomeasymbolofCambodia,appearingonitsnationalflag,anditisthecountry'sprimeattractionforvisitors.

　　AngkorWatcombinestwobasicplansofKhmertemplearchitecture:thetemplemountainandthelatergalleriedtemple,basedonearlySouthIndianHinduarchitecture,withkeyfeaturessuchastheJagati.ItisdesignedtorepresentMountMeru,homeofthedevasinHindumythology:withinamoatandanouterwall3.6kilometres(2.2mi)longarethreerectangulargalleries,eachraisedabovethenext.Atthecentreofthetemplestandsaquincunxoftowers.UnlikemostAngkoriantemples,AngkorWatisorientedtothewest;scholarsaredividedastothesignificanceofthis.Thetempleisadmiredforthegrandeurandharmonyofthearchitecture,itsextensivebas-reliefs,andforthenumerousdevatasadorningitswalls.

　　Themodernname,AngkorWat,means"CityTemple";Angkorisavernacularformofthewordnokor(នគរ),whichcomesfromtheSanskritwordnagar(नगर).WatistheKhmerformofthePaliword"vatthu",meaning"templegrounds".PriortothistimethetemplewasknownasPreahPisnulok(VaraVishnulokainSanskrit),aftertheposthumoustitleofitsfounder.

　　AngkorWatlies5.5kilometres(3.4mi)northofthemoderntownofSiemReap,andashortdistancesouthandslightlyeastofthepreviouscapital,whichwascentredatBaphuon.ItisinanareaofCambodiawherethereisanimportantgroupofancientstructures.ItisthesouthernmostofAngkor'smainsites.

　　Theinitialdesignandconstructionofthetempletookplaceinthefirsthalfofthe12thcentury,duringthereignofSuryavarmanII(ruled1113–c.1150).DedicatedtoVishnu,itwasbuiltastheking'sstatetempleandcapitalcity.Asneitherthefoundationstelanoranycontemporaryinscriptionsreferringtothetemplehavebeenfound,itsoriginalnameisunknown,butitmayhavebeenknownasVrahVishnu-lok(literally"HolyVishnu'-Location'",OldKhmer'Cl.Sanskrit).afterthepresidingdeity.Workseemstohaveendedshortlyaftertheking'sdeath,leavingsomeofthebas-reliefdecorationunfinished.[3]In1177,approximately27yearsafterthedeathofSuryavarmanII,AngkorwassackedbytheChams,thetraditionalenemiesoftheKhmer.Thereaftertheempirewasrestoredbyanewking,JayavarmanVII,whoestablishedanewcapitalandstatetemple(AngkorThomandtheBayonrespectively)afewkilometrestothenorth.

　　HenriMouhotpopularisedthetempleinthewestinthemid19th-century

　　Inthelate13thcentury,AngkorWatgraduallymovedfromHindutoTheravadaBuddhistuse,whichcontinuestothepresentday.AngkorWatisunusualamongtheAngkortemplesinthatalthoughitwassomewhatneglectedafterthe16thcenturyitwasnevercompletelyabandoned,itspreservationbeingdueinparttothefactthatitsmoatalsoprovidedsomeprotectionfromencroachme