freeandboundmorphemes中文是什么意思啊?
freeandboundmorphemes中文是什么意思啊?
freeandboundmorphemes中文是什么意思啊?
freeandboundmorphemes中文是什么意思啊?
freemorphemeandboundmorpheme自由语素和粘着语素
Morphemescanbeclassifiedintotwotypesintermsoftheircapacityofoccuringalone.根据能否单独出现,可以将语素分为两类.
freemorpheme(自由语素):-------Thosemorphemeswhichmayoccuralone,thatis,thosewhichmayconstituewordsbythemselves,arefreemorphemes(能单独出现,也就是能独自成词的,叫做自由语素.)
Freemorphemes:morphemeswhichmayconstitutewordsbythemselves
boundmorpheme(粘着语素):-sindogs,-alinnational,anddis-ndisclose,cannotoccuralone.Theymustappearwithatleastanothermorpheme,andarecalledboundmorphemes.(dogs中的-s,national中的-al,disclose中的dis-不能单独出现,它们必须跟至少一个其他语素共现,这样的语素叫做粘着语素.)
Boundmorphemes:morphemeswhichcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwords
root,affixandstem词根,词缀和词干
(1)root(词根):thebasefromofawordthatcannotfurtherbeanalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.Thatistosay,itisthatpartofthewordleftwhenalltheaffixesareremoved.(词根是词的基本形式,不能再作进一步的分析而完全不损失同一性.也就是说,去掉所有的词缀后,词所剩下的部分就是词根.
Allwordscontainarootmorpheme.所有的词都包含一个词根语素.
Arootisoftenseenaspartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning;itmustbecombinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.词根,粘着语素的一种,往往被看作是一个单词的一个部分.它本身有清楚,确定的意义,却不能被单独使用,而只能与另外一个词根结合在一起或与另外一个词缀结合在一起才能形成一个单词.
(2)affix(词缀):thecollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme(therootorstem).(词缀是一个构词成分的集合,它们只能附加于另一个语素词根或词干上.)
Affixesarelimitedinnumberinalanguage,andaregenerallyclassifiedintothreesubtypes,namely,prefix,suffix,andinfix,dependingontheirpositionwithreferencetotherootorstemoftheword.语言中词缀的数量总是有限的,根据它们跟词根或词干的相对位置,一般可以把词缀分外三小类:前缀,后缀和中缀.
Prefix前缀----prefixesmodifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.dis-;un-;mis-para-;mini-;前缀通常改变原来单词的意义,但不改变其词性.
Exception:be-;en-;em-;Addedtoadjectivesornounstheyturnthewordsintoverbs.
Forexample:little----belittle;large---enlarge;rich---enrich;body---embody
Suffix后缀:-----suffixesareaddedtotheendofstems;theymodifythemeaningoftheorginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.-ly;-ness;-tion;-ise;后缀加在词干后面,通常改变原来词的意义,并且大所数情况下改变词性.
Infix中缀:foot/feet;goose/geese;–oo-;-ee-;