Violin小提琴：Astringedinstrumentplayedwithabow,havingfourstringstunedatintervalsofafifth,anunfrettedfingerboard,andashallowerbodythantheviolandcapableofgreatflexibilityinrange,tone,anddynamics.用弓演奏的一种弦乐器,具有在第五音的音程上调音的四根弦和不分格指板,形体较古提琴浅,音域、音色和强弱相当灵活.

　　Viola中提琴：Astringedinstrumentoftheviolinfamily,slightlylargerthanaviolin,tunedafifthlower,andhavingadeeper,moresonoroustone.提琴家族中的一种弦乐器,稍大于小提琴,调音比小提琴低五度,声音更为深沉、洪亮.

　　Cello大提琴：Afour-stringedinstrumentoftheviolinfamily,pitchedlowerthantheviolabuthigherthanthedoublebass.一种提琴类四弦乐器,音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高.

　　Doublebass低音提琴或大贝司：Thelargestbowedstringedinstrumentinthemodernorchestra,alsousedfrequentlyinjazzensembles,especiallyplayedpizzicato.Thedoublebass,usuallyconsideredamemberoftheviolinfamily,istunedinfourthsandhastheslopingshouldersandflatbackcharacteristicoftheviols.IthasadeeprangebeginningaboutthreeoctavesbelowmiddleC.尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器,也常用于爵士乐合奏.低音提琴通常被算作提琴类,定弦为第四级音,颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点.它有始于中音以下三个八度音阶的深度范围.

　　flute长笛：Ahigh-pitchedwoodwindinstrumentconsistingofaslendertubeclosedatoneendwithkeysandfingerholesonthesideandanopeningneartheclosedendacrosswhichthebreathisblown.由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器,侧边有按键和指孔,靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口.

　　piccolo短笛：Asmallflutepitchedanoctaveabovearegularflute.一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子.

　　clarinet单簧管：Awoodwindinstrumenthavingastraight,cylindricaltubewithaflaringbellandasingle-reedmouthpiece,playedbymeansoffingerholesandkeys.单簧管,黑管一种管乐器,有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口,以指孔和键的方式演奏.

　　oboe双簧管：Aslenderwoodwindinstrumentwithaconicalboreandadoublereedmouthpiece,havingarangeofthreeoctavesandapenetrating,poignantsound.带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器,具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音.

　　Englishhorn英国管：Adouble-reedwoodwindinstrumentsimilartobutlargerthantheoboeandpitchedlowerbyafifth.一种双簧的木制管乐器,类似于双簧管,但音高比双簧管低五度.

　　bassoon或fogotto大管：Alow-pitchedwoodwindinstrumentwithadoublereed,havingalongwoodenbodyattachedtoaU-shapedlateraltubethatleadstothemouthpiece.Therangeofthisinstrumentistypicallytwooctaveslowerthanthatoftheoboe.巴松管,低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器,有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连,这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度.

　　doublebassoon低音大管：Thelargestandlowestpitchedofthedouble-reedwindinstruments,soundinganoctavebelowthebassoon.双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器,比低音管的音高低一个八度.

　　horn或Frenchhorn圆号或法国圆号：Avalvedbrasswindinstrumentthatproducesamellowtonefromalong,narrowtubethatiscoiledinacirclebeforeendinginaflaringbell.一种有活瓣的铜管乐器,从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音.

　　trumpet小号：Asopranobrasswindinstrumentconsistingofalongmetaltubeloopedonceandendinginaflaredbell,themoderntypebeingequippedwiththreevalvesforproducingvariationsinpitch.一种高音铜管乐器,由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成,现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高.

　　cornet短号：Awindinstrumentofthetrumpetclass,havingthreevalvesoperatedbypistons.号类的一种管乐器,有三个用活塞控制的栓塞.

　　trombone长号：Abrassinstrumentconsistingofalongcylindricaltubebentuponitselftwice,endinginabell-shapedmouth,andhavingamovableU-shapedslideforproducingdifferentpitches.一种铜管乐器,由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成,尾部有喇叭形口,有一个可滑动的U形拉管,可发出不同音高的音.

　　tuba大