译得不好,见笑见笑.
BasicdifferencesoftheculturebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates
Collectivism:generallyspeaking,ChinaandotherAsianculturesreflectsthesocialscientistsknownas"collectivism"orientation.Theseculturalcomparisonpaysattentiontothegroupcooperationandindividualmodesty.
Individualism:onthecontrary,Americansoftenshowanindividualisticorientation.Theypaymoreattentiontoindependence.
Americanspaymoreattentionto"freedom".isnotsubjecttoexternalconstraints.Chinesepeopleareveryaccustomedtohierarchicalstructure,theycanbebasedontheirpositioninthestructureanddeterminetheirownbehavior.
Americansaremorefocusedoninformalandequalrelationship.Americansusuallydon'tattachimportancetothesocialhierarchy.Chinesepeoplearemorelikelytohaveafewlifelongfriendship,willingtoprovideanyformofhelpeachother.
Americansmayhavemany"friends"andacquaintances,butthesefriendsandacquaintancestransformateovertime.
InChina,relationshipswithothersoftenmeansobligationsbetweeneachother.Incontrast,Americanstendtoavoidinterdependentrelationshipsandmayleadtolong-termobligationsofthesituation.
Taskorientedandrelationshiporiented
Chinesefocusesontherelationshiporiented.Keepingharmoniousrelationshipismoreimportantthantocompletethetask.Americans,bycontrast,focusonthetaskorientation.Completingtheworkoftenismoreimportantthanrelationships.
Harmonyand"facts"ofChineseeducationisusuallyavoiddirectconflict,publiccriticismandcontroversialtopic.Theywanttomaintainharmonyamongthesurrounding,leaving"face"forothers.Onthecontrary,Americansareusuallywillingtodirectlyfacetheproblems,criticism,discusscontentiousissue,andinsistthathethinksis"facts"opinion.Theydidn'tcareabout"face".
TheChineseusuallytrustrelationshipsmore,buttrustwrittenrulesandproceduresless.Americansgenerallybelievethatthewrittenrulesapplytoeveryone,andcanproducefairandreasonableproceduresanddecisions.
Chinesepayattentiontothefutureverymuch.Americansusuallylessinterestedinthepastandwhattheynoticeispresent.FormostAmericans,thepersonalstatusislargelybasedontheirownachievements,includinglevelofeducationandcareersuccess.