动词不定式的用法解析,练习题及答案-查字典问答网
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  动词不定式的用法解析,练习题及答案

  动词不定式的用法解析,练习题及答案

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2020-03-15 20:33
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  高中应掌握的动词不定式知识

  1.不定式的构成形式:todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone

  2.不定式的语法功能:主语、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语.

  3.不定式在某些句型中的意义:

  1)主+谓(推断)+tobe(表同时)/tohavedone(表发生在主要动词之前)/tobedoing(表动作正进行)

  谓语动词:seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,bereported,beknown等.

  2)主+谓(希望)+todo(表将来)/tohavedone(表过去原本希望,但未能实现)谓语动词:hoped,meant,wanted,expected,wished,planned,promised,disired等.

  3)不定式作主语,常用形式主语it代替.

  A.Ittakessb.sometimesomemoneysometroubletodosth.

  BItcostssb.somemoneytimeenergylabourtodosth.

  C.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.

  D.Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.(常用形容词good,kind,clever,stupid,cruel,rude,polite,wrong,right,wise,brave,careful,naughty...)

  4)不定式作宾语,常用形式宾语it代替.句式为:主+consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it+宾补+todosth.

  4.只能由不定式作宾语的动词有:offer,afford,learn,plan,demand,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,decide,choose,determine,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,long,fail,pretend.

  5.常用不定式作宾补的动词有:like,hate,encourage,wish,ask,tell,want,desire,expect,prefer,permit,order,allow,invite,force,warn,cause,advise,request,oblige,get,beg,persuade,teach.

  6.常用不带to不定式作宾补的动词有:see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,listento,hear,make,have,let.help(to),feel,注意区别:findsb.tobegetsb.todosth..

  7.疑问词+不定式=名词短语或名词从句.

  8.不定式作状语表目的,结果,原因等.

  其中,结果状语通常为onlytodo…表示________________的结果.

  特例:1)inorderto=soasto(只用于句子后)...soasto=so...asto=inorderthatsothat+从句cancouldmaymight+v.表目的.

  2)soasto+v.=sothat...表结果.

  3)too+adj.adv.forsb.todosth.

  4)adj.adv.enoughtodosth.(enough修饰名词可前可后)

  9.不定式作表语.

  特例:主+seemappearhappento+v.

  10.不定式作定语

  1)不定式的动词如果是不及物动词,应带上介词.(修饰time,place,way除外)

  2)主动和被动:

  不定式与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓关系常用主动.Ihavehomeworktodo.

  11.不定式的省略:

  1)to的省略

  A:感官动词、使役动词之后,并且是主动句,如是被动句,仍需要to(get,order,ask,cause,find除外)

  B:do+somethinganythingnothing+butexceptbesides+v.

  C:Whynot...hadbetter,wouldrather之后.

  D:不定式作定语,主动表被动,如:1)Ihavesomemathsproblemstoworkout.注意区别当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,如:Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?Iwillwashthemforyou.仍用被动结构.

  E:不定式作表语形容词的状语时,主动表被动HefoundChinesedifficulttolearn.

  2)动词的省略:下列动词常省略所重复的动词,但be和have助动词除外.(wanthopewish'dlikehatetryoughtmeanplanneedusedbeablebegoingbesupposedto.)

2020-03-15 20:37:57

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