英语翻译翻译工具翻译的看得出最好是用谷歌找出来的英文版的英语-查字典问答网
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  英语翻译翻译工具翻译的看得出最好是用谷歌找出来的英文版的英语好的500到700字左右

  英语翻译

  翻译工具翻译的看得出最好是用谷歌找出来的英文版的英语好的500到700字左右

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2020-03-18 00:32
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赖永波

  Marxismisaradicalphilosophy,arevolutionarytheoryofsocialchangeauthoredbyKarlMarx,themostimportantofallsocialistthinkers.ItisafusionofGermanphilosophy,mainlythedialecticsofHegel,Frenchsocialism,andBritishpoliticaleconomy.ThiscombinationmakesMarxismuniqueamongotherphilosophiesinhistory.Thefusionitselfdidnothappenquicklyoutinathinair.ItwasatediousprocessoutofMarx’scriticalobservationofsocietyandhistoryusingthescientificmethod.Itisrevolutionarybecauseitisdialectic,andwasbornoutofhisinvolvementoftheclassstruggleshappeningatthattimeinEurope.

  KarlMarxwasborninMay5th,1818,intoamiddleclassJewishfamilyinTrier,Germany.Hisfather,arespectablelawyer,laterconvertedtoChristianityforsecurityreasons.At17,MarxenrolledintheUniversityofBonntostudylaw.TherehemethisfuturewifeJennyvonWestphalen,whosefatherhadinterestedhiminromanticliteratureandintheutopiansocialismofSaint-Simon.Thenextyear,hisfathersenthimtotheUniversityofBerlin.HeabandonedhispursuitonromanticpoetryandbeganfocusingonthephilosophyofG.W.F.Hegel,themostinfluentialthinkerinBerlinatthattime.MarxbecameinvolvedwiththeintellectualswhocalledthemselvestheYoungHegelians.TheHegelianswerenotaunifiedgroupbutcomposedoftwocompetingtendencies,theLeftandRightHegelians.MarxjoinedtheradicalLeft,whoacceptedHegel’srevolutionarydialecticalmethodbutrejectedhisconservativeviews.

  Hegel’sdialecticsexplainedthattheworldisacontradictoryprocess,aprogressionofopposingelementscalledthethesisandtheanti-thesis,resultingtotheriseofthesynthesis.Asaprocessoftwocontradictoryelementsinaunion,thedialecticsis,alsoviewedastheunityoftheopposites.Hegelsuggestedthathistoryisacontradictoryprogressionofideaspassingthroughdifferentstages,whichwouldfinallyarriveatthetruth,ortheAbsoluteIdea.TheAbsoluteIdeaishisotherwordforGod.Marxtookthedialectictheory,butrejectedHegel’sconclusionasidealistic.HesaidthatHegel’sdialecticswas“standingonitshead”,notonitsfeet.Toputthedialecticsbackonitsfeet,Marxarguedthattounderstandtherealdrivingforceofhistory,onehastolookcriticallyatsociety,theworld,nature,andtheuniverse.Byusingthescientificmethod,criticalanalysiswillleadtobetterunderstandingoftheworld.Thisisthedialecticalmaterialistapproach.

  AccordingtoMarx,humans,intheirdriveforsurvivalhavetomeettheirbasicneedsfirstbeforeeverythingelse,beforetheycouldpracticereligion,politics,culture,andetc…Tomeettheirmaterialneedsistoproduce.Thus,productionisthedrivingforceofhistory.Whenproduction,atonepointintime,failstoprovidethemajorityofpeople’sneeds,societyfallsintoacrisis,whichcausessocialconflicts.Marxandhisco-author,FriedrichEngels,wroteintheCommunistManifesto(1848)that“thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggle.”Marxismitselfisaphilosophybornoutofthecontradictionwithinthemoderneconomicsystemcalledcapitalism.Withoutcapitalism,therewouldhavebeennoMarxism.

  CapitalismwasborninEuropeinthe18thand19thcenturyoutoftherevolutionarystrugglesofthenewemergingclass,thebourgeoisie.Beforetheirrise,theChurchdominatedpolitics,econo

2020-03-18 00:34:04

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