英语翻译LouisPasteur,thefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist,invented“pasteurization”.In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille,anditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoverie

　　英语翻译

　　LouisPasteur,thefamousFrenchchemistandbacteriologist,invented“pasteurization”.In1854PasteurwasmadeheadofthedepartmentofscienceattheUniversityofLille,anditwastherethathemadeoneofhismostfamousdiscoveries.Lillewasamajorcenterforwineandbeer-making,andsomeofthelocalwine-makersaskedPasteurifhecouldhelpsolvetheproblemofkeepingwinefresh.Atthattime,itwasbelievedthatfoodanddrinksgo“bad”duetoapurelychemicalprocess(变化过程).ButduringaseriesofexperimentsPasteurprovedthattinylivingorganismscausedfoodanddrinkstogobad.Inthecaseofwineandbeertheorganismsarealreadypresentintheformofthevariousyeasts(酵母)thatcausedthefermentation(发酵)process.Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.Healsoprovedthatfoodanddrinkscouldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheair,andthattheytoowouldkeepfreshmuchlongeriftheywerekeptinairtightcontainers.

　　TheheatingprocesswassosuccessfulthatitmadePasteurfamous.Itwasnamed“pasteurization”inhishonour,andbyabout1900ithadbeenwidelyusedforprocessingandbottlingcows’milk.Theresultwasahugedropinthenumberofbottle-fedbabiesdyingfrominfantdiarrhea(婴儿腹泻)andfromthattimeonithasbeenastandardtreatmentformilkandmanyotherfoodproducts.Thissimpleprocesshassavedthousands,possiblymillions,oflivesworldwide.