谁有定语从句的语法?
谁有定语从句的语法?
谁有定语从句的语法?
谁有定语从句的语法?
定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分
如:Iwillgivemyteacherabunchofbeautifulflower.(中beautiful就是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后
如:IhavemetthedoctorwhoisintheNo.1hospital.
定语从句的连接词:
连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that
连接副词:when、where、why
一.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词.例如:
Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?
IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.
关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语.
作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例如:
Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.
2.作宾语:
SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.
3.作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用.例如:
What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.
4.作状语
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语.例如:
Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语.例如:
Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语.例如:
Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语.例如:
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.例如:
I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语.例如:
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例如:
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity
四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:
(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时.例如:Allthathesaidistrue.
(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.例如:Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如:Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如:Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.