求面包的起源、发展或者历史英文介绍要英文介绍
求面包的起源、发展或者历史英文介绍
要英文介绍
求面包的起源、发展或者历史英文介绍要英文介绍
求面包的起源、发展或者历史英文介绍
要英文介绍
Historyofbread
Breadisoneoftheoldestpreparedfoods.Evidencefrom30,000yearsagoinEuroperevealedstarchresidueonrocksusedforpoundingplants.Itispossiblethatduringthistime,starchextractfromtherootsofplants,suchascattailsandferns,wasspreadonaflatrock,placedoverafireandcookedintoaprimitiveformofflatbread.Around10,000BC,withthedawnoftheNeolithicageandthespreadofagriculture,grainsbecamethemainstayofmakingbread.Yeastsporesareubiquitous,includingthesurfaceofcerealgrains,soanydoughlefttorestwillbecomenaturallyleavened.Thereweremultiplesourcesofleaveningavailableforearlybread.Airborneyeastscouldbeharnessedbyleavinguncookeddoughexposedtoairforsometimebeforecooking.PlinytheElderreportedthattheGaulsandIberiansusedthefoamskimmedfrombeertoproduce"alighterkindofbreadthanotherpeoples."Partsoftheancientworldthatdrankwineinsteadofbeerusedapastecomposedofgrapejuiceandflourthatwasallowedtobeginfermenting,orwheatbransteepedinwine,asasourceforyeast.Themostcommonsourceofleaveningwastoretainapieceofdoughfromthepreviousdaytouseasaformofsourdoughstarter.
Amajoradvancehappenedin1961withthedevelopmentoftheChorleywoodbreadprocess,whichusedtheintensemechanicalworkingofdoughtodramaticallyreducethefermentationperiodandthetimetakentoproducealoaf.Theprocess,whosehigh-energymixingallowsfortheuseoflowerproteingrain,isnowwidelyusedaroundtheworldinlargefactories.
Recently,domesticbreadmachineswhichautomatetheprocessofmakingbreadhavebecomepopular.