Believeitornotopticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripscalledchevrons（人字形标志

　　Believeitornotopticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.

　　Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripscalledchevrons（人字形标志）paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown.

　　NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationsForTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.

　　Excessive（过分）speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefiftyofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards(危险)arethegreatest-curvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges.

　　Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.

　　Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealane（车道）appeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductionofhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.

　　1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.

　　A．anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol

　　B．anewpatternforpaintinghighway

　　C．anewwayoftrainingdrivers

　　D．anewtypeofopticalillusion

　　2.Onroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat________.

　　A．theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazards

　　B．theyaredrivinginthewronglane

　　C．theyshouldslowdowntheirspeed

　　D．theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit

　　3.Accordingtothefoundation____cancauseserioustrafficaccident

　　A．thestraighthorizontalbars