英语翻译CognitivismMetacognitionMatecognition——theawarenessandabilitytocontrolcognitiveprocesses--isacomponentofthevariouscognitivetheoryapplications.This"thinkingaboutthinking"allowsonetobettermanagehisownlearning,a

　　英语翻译

　　Cognitivism

　　Metacognition

　　Matecognition——theawarenessandabilitytocontrolcognitiveprocesses--isacomponentofthevariouscognitivetheoryapplications.This"thinkingaboutthinking"allowsonetobettermanagehisownlearning,andtakeanactive,ratherthanpassiveroleintheassimilation同化process.Thismetacognitionwouldincludevarioustechniquesforenhancingmemorysuchasthechunking大块orgroupingofinformationinsomemeaningfulwaytomakeit'morememorable'ortherepetitivenessofrepeatedrehearsal排演,演习toholdsomekeyfactinshorttermmemoryforusage.

　　Bruner

　　JeromeS.Brunercalledforatheoryofinstructionin1960.Brunerwhostressedtheelementofsocialinteractionasanintegralpartofinformationprocessingfirstespoused支持/赞成interactionalcognitivedevelopmenttheories.Brunerdevelopedthediscoverytheoryoflearning,whichdefinedasobtainingknowledgeforoneselfbytheuseofone'sownmind(Bruner,1961).Brunercontended主张thatatrueactofdiscoveryisnotarandomevent.Itinvolvesanexpectationofregularitiesandrelationshipsintheenvironment.Heendorsed赞同/认可problemsolvingwithstructuresearchingstrategiesisanintegralpartofdiscoverylearning.Therootsofconstructivismevidentindiscoverytheory.

　　Bandura

　　Bandura'ssocial-cognitivetheoryaddressestheissuesthatthesocialsettingsinwhichindividualslive,work,andplayarepowerfulinfluencesonbehavior,attitudes,andbeliefsaboutone'sselfandtheworld.Theprimarypointisthatindividualslearnfromobservingthebehaviorsofothersandthesocialconsequencesofthoseactions.