【求一篇有关人性的英文短文要做英语classreport,要找一篇有关人性的英文短文,五分钟左右即可,先行谢过……】
求一篇有关人性的英文短文
要做英语classreport,要找一篇有关人性的英文短文,五分钟左右即可,先行谢过……
【求一篇有关人性的英文短文要做英语classreport,要找一篇有关人性的英文短文,五分钟左右即可,先行谢过……】
求一篇有关人性的英文短文
要做英语classreport,要找一篇有关人性的英文短文,五分钟左右即可,先行谢过……
OnHumanNature
Philosophershaveinitiatedadebateaboutthehumannaturesincethemankindgottoprobeintoitself.Theterm"stateofnature"isusedtorefertothehypotheticalconditionofhumansbeforesocialfactorsareimposed,thusattemptingtodescribethe"naturalessence"ofhumannature.Mostviewsofitfallinthreetypicalgroups.
Viewsinthefirstgroupseehumansasinherentlygood.ThemostfamoustheoryinthisgroupisJohnLocke'ssocialcontracttheory.AccordingtoLocke,humansinthestateofnaturehaveabsolutefreedomtomaketheirordersandtaketheiractions,withouthavingtoaskpermissionfromanyoneelse.Peoplearebornequal,andwillingtotreateachotherastheywouldliketobetreated.Thiswillisknownassympathy,thesourceofjusticeandkindnessandeventuallyallvirtues.InancientChinaawidelyknownphilosopher,themostnotablediscipleofConfucius,Mencius,heldsimilarpoints,declaringthathumansarenaturallymoralbeingsbutarecorruptedbysociety.
Thesecondgroupincludesviewsthatseehumansasinherentlybad.Accordingtooriginalsin,humansinthestateofnaturearetarnishedbythesinofAdam.Laterthegrouphadamorerationalspeaker,ThomasHobbes.Hobbesbelievedthathumansinthestateofnaturewouldbehave"badly"towardsoneanother,buthearguedthatpeoplehadeveryrighttodefendthemselvesbywhatevermeans.Famously,hebelievedthatsuchaconditionwouldleadtoa"warofeverymanagainsteveryman"andmakelife"solitary,poor,nasty,brutish,andshort."SimilartheoriesalsocanbefoundinancientChina.Xuncius,anotherfollowerofConfuciusasMencius,simplyrejectedMencius'claim.Insteadheassertedthat"HumanDispositionsareDetestable".
Therestviewsthatformthelastgroupstandaneutralpointinthedebate.Theygenerallybelievethathumanbehaviorisdeterminedbybiologicalandsocialfactors,sothereisnoclearboundarybetween“good”and“evil”andnothingistobeblamedbutthegeneaswellastheenvironment.Andofthetwofactorswhichonedecidesmore?Alsoknownas“natureversusnurture”,thisquestioncompelsenormousstudies.
Beingaconstantstrangertophilosophy,I’vegotnothingtodobutjustskimoverallofthetheoriesmentionedabove,keepthinkingabouthumannatureinmyownwayassociatedwithfamiliarexamplesinmyownsurroundings,andundoubtedlyendupallthesewithoutexplicitconclusions.BecausewheneverItrytofigureinmymindwhathumannatureislike,Icouldnothelprecallingsomanystoriesaboutit,eachofwhichconflictswithoneanother.Theymessmeupandkeepmefromaclearimageaboutit.ThereforeIhavetoholdamoderateopinionuntilIfindnewkeyevidencetoprovewhetherhumannatureisgoodorevil.Beforethat,Ichoosetobelievethathumannatureisindeedlikeacoinandneithersidecaneasilydominate.
Sept'2006,JadingCampus,TongjiUniv.