(Cultureinfluence)这篇可以参考下内容:
Asweallknow,differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures.Cultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.
Itisinevitablethattheculturaldifferencehasimpactonbusiness.Forexample,whenacompanyhavingmeeting,theword"table"inAmericanEnglishthatmeanstoputsomethingontheagenda.ButinBritishEnglishitmeanstoputsomethingofftheagenda.Thisexampleindicatedhowthecultureaffectsthebusiness.
TherearefourculturaldimensionsthatweredefinedinHofstede'sresearch:Powerdistance,Uncertaintyavoidance,Individualism,Masculinity,andrecentlyHofstedeaddonemore:long-term-short-termorientation.
WhatIthinkthemostsignificantinfluenceinculturaldifferenceisthepowerdistance.Itwouldconditiontheextenttowhichemployeesacceptthattheirbosshasmorepowerthantheyhaveandtheextenttowhichtheyacceptthattheirboss'sopinionsanddecisionsarerightbecauseheorsheistheboss."Iconsidereditashowmuchsubordinatescanconsentordissentwithbossesormanagers.Itisthedistancebetweenamanagerandsubordinate.Amongmostorientalcorporatecultures,thereishierarchism,greatercentralization,sometimescalled'power-orientedculture',duetothehistoricalreasons.Thatisahighpowerdistanceculturethatmangersmakethedecisionandsuperiorsappealtobeentitledmoreprivileges.Theirdecisionalwaysclosesupervisionpositivelyevaluatedbysubordinates.Inthissituation,itisnotberegardedifasubordinateshaveadisagreementwiththeirmanagers,especiallyinMalaysia,Japan,China,India.
Afterstudyigabroadforoneyearortwo,anumberofoverseascollegegraduatesreturntoChina,theirmotherlandinahopetosettledowniftheyfindsatisfactoryjobs.However,beforelong,theyfindthemselvesinapredicamentresultedfromreverseorre-entrycultureshock;namely,theculturaldiffferencesbetweentwodifferentcountriesstandoutandcometoclashbeforetheireyesandintheirmind.
Thesesamechangesarealreadyhappeninginmostnewcountriesaroundtheworld.Today,amanwhocanreadorfixamachinemaybecomethenewleaderofhiscommunityinplaceofanolderperson.Oftenyoungpeoplecanbetterunderstandthenewsciencesandmodernskills;astheseyoungpeoplelearnandadvance,theirwagesriseandtheybecomeincreasinglysuccessful.
Tomanyofthereturnees,cultureshockfoundincorpaoratecontextismorefrustratingthanthatinasocietalcontext.Inforeigncompaniesabroad,itisverycommonthatjuniorsmayargueordiscussabouttheirworkwiththeirseniorsiftheyholdadifferentview,justforthegoodofthework.Thebosswouldeithertaketheargumentorleaveit,withoutfeelingheisbeinghumiliatedorhavinghisauthoritychallenged.However,inaChineseworkplace,whichischaracterizedbyarigidhierarchy,staffatthebottomoftheladderareinnopositiontochallegetheirseniorswhatsoever.
Anotheroften–citedshockconcernsworkingovertimeandhowitisperceivedinaChineseworkplace.InChinaorotherAsiansocieties,bossestendtothinktheiremplyeesaretheirassetsandhenceworkingovertimeisamatterofcourse.Asitis,thosewhoworkovertimewhenitistimetogohomeusuallydothingsunrelatedtotheirworkduringofficehours.Someofthemdeliberat