【英语翻译Definingthepovertyline:Ap-查字典问答网
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  【英语翻译Definingthepovertyline:ApoliticalqueastionPovertyisanenduingproblemthatmustbeaddressedbyallmodernsocietiesInfact,someethicistssayacivilizationcanbejudgedbyhowwellittreatsitsleastfortunate.Bythismeasure,】

  英语翻译

  Definingthepovertyline:Apoliticalqueastion

  PovertyisanenduingproblemthatmustbeaddressedbyallmodernsocietiesInfact,someethicistssayacivilizationcanbejudgedbyhowwellittreatsitsleastfortunate.Bythismeasure,theUnitedstateshasmuchtobeproudof.Onanationallevel,theUnitedstateshasdoneremarkableworktodecreasethesufferingofthepoorbysubsidizingfood,housing,andeducation,andevenbygivingmoneydirectlytothosewhoneeditthemost.Still,eveninthepublicsector,projectshavetobeevaluatedtoseeiftheyareeffective.Noonecanmeasurethebenefitsofaidwithoutdefiningwhatpovertyis,andwhensomeonehasbeenliftedoutofit.Thisleadstooneverypoliticalquestion:Howexactlyshouldpovertybemeasured?

  Thequestionofpovertyisextrenelycomplex.Shoulditbeconsideredabsolute-asasimplematteroftheavailabilityoffoodandshelter-orshoulditberelativetothegoodsandservicesenjoyedbythesocietyasawhole?Inotherwords,ifapersoncanaffordaDVDplayerbutnottoliveinasafeneighbor-hood,isthatpersonpoor?Certainlysomethingasfluidastheeconomycanaffectanynumberofforcestocausefinancialsuffering—sometimesquitesuddenly.Still,accordingtoourfederalgovernment,thereisaspecificmeasure,the“povertyline”thatanswersthequeastion.Suchameasurewasdevisedin1963bygovernmenteconomistMollieOrshansky,thenworkingfortheSocialSecurityAdministrationunderthejurisdictionoftheOfficeofManagementandBudgest.

  Orshansky’sstatisticalmeasurementwasonesmallpartofthefederalgovernment’splantoattackthedifficultnationaleconomicconditionsthatwerehurtingmillionsofAmericansintheearly1960s.PresidentLyndonJohnson,labeledtheplangovernment’s“WaronPoverty”,anditledtosuchnationalpovertythresholdfromaDepartmentofAgriculturestudyoutliningthecostofnutritionallyadequatemeals.

  FromtheAgiculturestudy,Orshanskytookthemosteconomicandhealthymealdesignshecouldfind.ShethenestimatedstatisticallythattheaverageAmericanfamilyinthe1950sspentapproximatelyone-thirdofitshouseholdincomeonfood;fromthere,shemultipliedbytherethecostofthemosteconomicallyefficient,nutritio

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2020-05-16 21:34
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郭岩

  你可以去google看看,那里有翻译文章的

2020-05-16 21:38:27

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