1.不规则复数形式1）来自古英语的复数形式,如：child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethgoose---geeseman---menwoman---womenmouse---micelouse---liceox---oxenpenny---penceanalysis---analysesappendix---appendicesparenthesis---parenthesesbasis---basesellipsis---ellipsesaxis---axeshypothesis---hypothesesoasis---oasescrisis----crisescriterion---criteriaphenomenon---phenomenadatum---datamedium---mediabacterium---bacterianucleus---nucleifungus---fungistimulus---stimulialumnus---alumnifocus---fociradius---radiiterminus---terminilarva---larvaealga---algaeformula---formulae＃当代美国英语中往往把data当做单数用,因此常见到复数形式datas.另外,lens是一个单数可数名词,其复数形式为lenses.1）词尾读音为[f]并以－f或0－fe结尾的名词复数形式有以下几种情况：a）规则形式：belief---beliefschief----chiefscliff----cliffsgrief----griefsb）不规则形式,即把－f或－fe变成－v,再加－es,读音为[vz]:calf---calveshalf---halvesleaf----leaveslife----livesloaf---loavesself---shelvesthief---thieveswife---wiveswolf---wolvesc）既可是规则形式又可是不规则形式：dwarf---dwarfs/dwarveshoof---hoofs/hovesscarf---scarfs/scarveswharf---wharfs/wharves3）词干以－o结尾的名次有三种情况：a）附属形式为－s：这类词包括缩略词kilos,photos；表示国籍或民族的词Filipinos,Eskimos以及radios,solos,sopranos,studiosb）复数形式为－es,如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes.c）复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如：cargo---cargos/cargoesmosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoesvolcano---volacbos/volcanoes2.单复数同形的名词1）某些动物名词,如：deer,grouse,salmon,trout,carp,bison,sheep等2）以－ese或－ss结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词,如：Chinses,Japanese,Portuguese,Swiss,Vietnamese等3）某些以－s结尾的名词,如：barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,means,series,species,works等4）某些表示计量单位的名词,如：horsepower,hertz,kilohertz,li,mu等其他一些名词,如：aircraft,spacercarft,craft,offspring等.其中请特别注意－s结尾的单复数同形的名词,它们是考试的重点!3.不可数名词不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词!例如下列用法均属错误：themathematicsthebankingaclothanequipment不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式.如：Waterisimportant.但如果不可数名词前面被piece,drop,set等词修饰时,谓语应该与piece,drop,set等的单复数形式保持一致例如：Fewdropsofwaterareneededtosavetheflower.下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics请特别注意其中以－s结尾的不可数名词,大家平时应该积累遇到的不可数名词!注意下列可数名词!poetpoemessaynewspapermachineweaponscenephotographphotographer英语中有许多名词既可作可数,又可作不可数.如:hair作“人或动物的毛”的时候是可数名词,作头发解释时是不可数名词.判断一个词是否可数,除了记忆以外,主要看题中该名词的修饰词来决定.如：much只能修饰不可数名词4.