1.注意由并列连词或等立连词连接的成分在语法形式上是否相同,即都是形容词,或都是介词短语,或都是不定式,或都是动名词,或都是句子等.如：

　　Symposiumtalkswillcoverawiderangeofsubjectsfromoverfishingtophysicalandenvironmentalfactorsthataffectthepopulationsofdifferentspecies.

　　Intheteachingofmathematics,thewayofinstructionisgenerallytraditional,withteacherspresentingformallecturesandstudentstakingnotes.

　　2.注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同.如：

　　Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthantoliveonone’sknees.

　　Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.

　　3.其他具有并列或比较意义的短语.

　　(1)ratherthan,letalone虽不是并列连词,但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分.如：

　　Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleratherthaninapersonalstyle.

　　Forthenewcountrytosurvive,letaloneforitspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.

　　(2)如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语,而且介词相同,一般说来第二个介词不要省略.如：

　　Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials.

　　代词

　　1.与所指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致

　　如：Eachcigaretteapersonsmokesdoessomeharm,andeventuallyhemaygetaseriousdiseasefromitseffect.

　　Itwasduringthe1920’sthatthefriendshipbetweenthetwoAmericanwritersHemingwayandFitzgeraldreacheditshighestpoint.

　　Ourdepartmentwasmonitoredbytwosupervisors,Billandme.

　　2.that的指代作用

　　that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数,用those),后面通常跟有修饰语,如出现在比较结构中的thatof.如：

　　Conversationcallsforawillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwiththatoflistener,anditcallsforoccasional“digestivepauses”byboth.

　　Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetasthatearnedbyhisownlabor.

　　3.one的指代作用

　　one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词,复数为ones.theone指代带定冠词的单数可数名词.如：

　　Agoodwriterisonewhocanexpressthecommonplaceinanuncommonway.

　　4.do的替代作用

　　do代替动词,注意数和时态的变化.如：

　　Forhimtobere’elected,whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworks,butthatthepublicbelievethatitdoes.

　　主谓一致问题

　　主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致.把握主谓一致问题,考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定,进而选择适当的谓语.

　　1.主谓一致常出现在主谓倒装结构中.如：

　　Justoutsidetheruinsisamagnificentbuildingsurroundedbytalltrees.

　　Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillinneedofrepair,therehasbeenimprovementinthefacilities.

　　2.主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他结构修饰,所以距离较远,考生易误认主语.如：

　　Theamountofpressurewhichthematerialsaresubjecttoaffectsthequalityoftheproducts.

　　3.关系代词做主语的定语从句中,谓语的数要与先行词一致.如：

　　Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatarenotfullyunderstood.

　　Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butwhichdonotbringareturninmoneytothecommunity.

　　4.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数.如：

　　Buyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheonesthatfithimorher.

　　Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.

　　5.主语带有(together/along)with,suchas,aswellas,accompaniedby,including,ratherthan等附加成分,谓语的数不受附加成分的影响.如：