Wolvestravelingroupsandtheyperformalmostalltheotheractivitiesoftheirlivesinthecompanyoffellowwolves.Thisisoneofthemostimportantfactsthatmodernsciencehavelearnedaboutwolvesandoneofthethingsthatmostcl

　　Wolvestravelingroupsandtheyperformalmostalltheotheractivitiesoftheirlivesinthecompanyoffellowwolves.Thisisoneofthemostimportantfactsthatmodernsciencehavelearnedaboutwolvesandoneofthethingsthatmostclearlyexplaintheirwayoflife.

　　Thepackisusuallyafamilygroup.Itismadeupofanimalsrelatedtoeachotherbyblood.Thecentreofapackisapairofwolves----anadultmaleandfemalethathaveproducedyoung.Theothermembersofthepackaretheiroffspring(后代):youngwolvesranginginagefrompupstotwo-andthree-year-olds.Mostpackshave6or7membersalthoughsomemayincludeasmanyas15wolves.

　　Relationshipsamongcreaturesthatliveclosetogetheringroupsareoftenverycomplexandthisistrueofthetiesthatconnectthemembersofawolfpack.Scientificstudiesofcaptive(被捕获的)wolvesandwolfpacksinthewildhaveshownthatmanycomplexrulesofbehaviorseemtogovernthewaythattheanimalsrelatetoeachother.

　　Whenwolfpupsarebornintoapackoneofthemostimportantthingstheymustlearnisthe“language”ofthegroupthemethodbywhichpackmemberskeepintouchwitheachothersharinginformationandcommunicatingtheirfeelings.Scientistshavediscoveredthatwolveshaveaverycomplexsystemofcommunication.

　　Themostfamouswolfsoundisofcoursethehowlanditisaveryimportantpartofwolflanguage.

　　Whenpeoplethinkabouthowlingtheyusuallyimagineasadlonelysoundmadebyawolfsittingallaloneonahilltopinthemoonlight.Howeverthispictureinmosthumanbeings’mindisnotcompletelytrue.Wolveshowlatanytimenotjustatnightandtheyoftenhowltogethernotalone.

　　Grouporchorushowlingisanothermeansbywhichthemembersofawolfreaffirm(重申)theirtieswitheachotherandtheirclosenessasagroup.Onewolf----oftenthemaleleader----willpointitsnoseattheskyopenitsmouthandstarttohowl.Immediatelytheothermembersofthepackrushtostandbesidehimshouldertoshoulderandjointheirvoicestohis.Eachwolfhowlsonitsownnotesothatabigchorusofslightlydifferentsoundsisproduced.

　　Chorushowlingoftentakesplacebeforeawolfpackgoesouttohunt.Attheendofasuccessfulhuntthepackmayalsocelebratewithagrouphowl.Whilewolvesareonthetrackofprey