备考过去完成时要点说明一、考查“过去的过去”的动作表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。如：1. I arrived late; I ________ the road to be so icy. (安徽卷)A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting【分析】答案选C。“预料”就是指在“到来”这个过去动作之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。2. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere. (湖北卷)A. saw B. has seenC. sees D. had seen【分析】答案选D。“不停地看”是过去动作，指在此之前是否“已经见过”，即see应当发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。3. John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that. (北京春)A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen【分析】答案选D。我们八年来是朋友，现在也是朋友，用现在完成时；before that指在那次晚会上认识之前，晚会认识发生在过去，此前见面就是过去的过去。4. The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk, right under my nose. (全国卷)A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost【分析】答案选B。“原以为”是过去，在这个过去动作以前“已经丢失”，“丢失”就是过去的过去了。句意是：我原以为已经丢失了的钢笔现在就在眼皮底下。5. The little girl ________ her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t going to find it. (北京卷)A. had ceied; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost【分析】答案选B。由believed知cry和lose都发生在过去，且先丢后哭，“丢”是过去的过去。二、考查“过去的过去”的状态表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态，跟现在完成时一样，也常与how long, for three days等表示一段时间的一类状语连用。如：1. —How long ________ each other before they ________ married? —For about a year. (全国卷)A. have they known; get B. did they know; getC. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got【分析】答案选D。由语境可知“结婚”和“开始认识”都发生在过去，问从“开始认识(过去时间)”到“结婚(另一过去时间)”有多久了，所以用过去完成时。[1][2]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~2. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________ for almost an hour. (全国卷)A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away【分析】答案选D。go, leave, set off都是非延缓性动词，一般不与时间段连用。注意：从上述过去完成时的两种主要用法中，我们可以看出，它是一种相对时态，一定要有一个作参照的过去时间或过去动作作比较，否则，就不能用过去完成时。但是，表示在过去先后发生的一系列动作时，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin. (全国卷)A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy【分析】答案选A。went, bought, visited是先后发生的一系列动作。三、表示未曾实现的希望或打算表示希望或打算的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。如：I had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so. 我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的，但我忘了寄了。I had intended to come over to see you last night，but someone called and I couldn’t get away. 昨晚我本想去看你的，但有人来了我走不开。m四、注意几个特殊句型①hardly…when…, no sooner…than…②It / That / This was the first time that…③It was+时间段+since…④…than sb. had thought / expected / hoped / wanted等。1. Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. 我刚开开门，他就告诉了我。2. It was the second time he had been out with her. 这是他第二次和她一道出去。3. It was more than a year now since he had seen her. 他上次见她以来已经一年多了。4. We arrived earlier than we had expected. 我们到得比预料的早。

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