动词ed，ing形式在句子中的应用

　　请问老师 1 Chris was born in a town called Grass Valley, California 2 Chris went to Benghazi in the early days of the Libyan revolution, arriving on a cargo ship. 3 句子，V+ed+句子 4 句子V+ing句子 四个句子中的called,arriving,V+ed,V+ing分别是什么语法现象，在句子中这四个动词分别作什么句子成分？