不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较
不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较
不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较
不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较
不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较一、不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作,即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词,表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。注意:不定式作定语,被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时,要加上适当的介词。如:1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ________. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it toD. for sending it to【分析】答案选C。the person是send it的对象,可理解为to send it to the person。2. There are five pairs ________, but I’m at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosing 【分析】答案选B。是“有五双可选择”即“从这五双中选择一双”而不是“选择五双”。3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________. A. by B. onC. up D. with【分析】答案选B。a tall box是stand的地方,即stand on the tall box。4. Then there are always people to ________ if you fell like a chat. A. talk to B. talkC. speak aboutD. speak【分析】答案选A。people是talk的对象,即talk to people。二、分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外),分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系,现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生;被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系,过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。注意:现在分词的完成式通常只作状语,而不能作定语。如:1. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt【分析】答案选B。“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的,排除表示将来的不定式,即A和D;又因为the flowers与smell (发出…味)是主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作定语。2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed【分析】答案选C。form作“出现、产生”解,是不及物动词,pictures与form是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,表示“图画出现”与“有”同时发生。注意:这与表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。 3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________. A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars【分析】答案选D。remain 是不及物动词,其过去分词无被动含义,用remaining (剩下的)作定语,修饰20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being knownD. to be known 【分析】答案选B。因为the…company与know是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语,known as 3M = which was known as 3M。5. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hungB. hangingC. hangs D. being hung【分析】答案选B。hang作“某物悬挂 / 吊在某处”解,是不及物动词,the picture与hang是主动关系,用hanging作定语。[1][2]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~6. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded【分析】答案选A。the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系,且record发生在谓语sounded之前,而不是之后,所以不用不定式,而用过去分词作定语。7. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century. A. having writtenB. to be written C. being writtenD. written【分析】答案选D。textbooks与write是被动关系,且write发生在谓语came out(出版)之前,而不是之后,所以不用不定式,而要用过去分词作定语。8. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776B. C, did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing【分析】答案选C。The Olympic games与play是被动关系,排除A和D;不定式的被动式,表示未来的动作,排除B。9. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the