不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语的比较当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下，请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式、现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别。■通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词这类动词很多，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。如：1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 【分析】答案选D。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)A. don’t make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make【分析】答案选D。即ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事。3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do【分析】答案选A。tell sb. (not) to do sth. ,排除C和D；当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略to后的内容，只保留to。4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷)A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【分析】答案选C。本句是warn sb. not to do sth. (警告某人不做某事)的被动式。注：①在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可；②在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. ③want, wish等后接to be done作宾补时，to be可省略，直接过去分词作宾补。如：When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么时候完成？[1][2][3][4][5]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~■在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。如：1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, cryingC. cry, cry D. to cry, cry【分析】答案选A。在make sb. 后作宾补的不定式不带to，但在被动式中加to。2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷)A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning【分析】答案选B。be made后作主补的不定式要加to。■在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补。如：1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (全国卷)A. grow B. grewC. was growing D. to grow【分析】答案选A。作宾补不能用谓语动词，排除B和C；感观动词see后要用不带to的不定式作宾补，表示整个过程，排除D。2. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (全国卷)A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play【分析】答案选A。指片断，看到时，他正在河边玩，而不是玩的整个过程。句意为：人们最后一次看到那个失踪的男孩的时候，他在河边玩。3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (全国卷)A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out【分析】答案选A。句中that引导一个定语从句，它代表the plan并在从句中作see的宾语，宾语that(the plan)与宾补carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补，即…see the plan carried out the next year. 上一页[1][2][3][4][5]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~■在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back. (全国卷)A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied【分析】答案选D。his han