introductionofmetalmaterials
metalmaterialsaremostwidelyusedinourdailylivesandindustrialuses.thereareseveralcategoriesofmetalmaterialsincludingsteel,iron,nonferrousmaterialetc.andsteelisthemostcommonlyusedamongthem.ironisthemainelementinsteels,otherelementsincludingallkindsalloyelementsaddedandforeignelements.thevastvarietiesinthepropertiesofsteelareduetothedifferencesofthesealloyelementsregardingcategoriesandpercentage.suchasordinarycarbonsteel,stainlesssteel,alloysteeletc.carbonisplayinganindispensableroleinthefunctioningofthealloyelements.
ironmakesupthemajoritypercentageinallkindsofsteels.severalalloyelementscanbemostlyseeninthesteelsuchascarbon(c),silicon(si),manganese(mn),phosphorus(p),sulfur(s),chromium(cr),nickel(ni),molybdenum(mo),titanium(ti),vanadium(va)etc.
oftenweseephosphorusandsulfurasforeignsubstances,thelesspercentagethesetwoelementsmakeupthehigherqualitythesteelsare.
steelcanbesimplyclassifiedintothreecategoriesinaccordancewiththealloyelementsaddedtoitas:carbonsteel,alloysteel,stainlesssteel.carbonsteelisthekindwithonlythealloyelementsofc,si,mn,p,s,andcanbecategorizedaccordingtothepercentagepandsaremakingupas:ordinarycarbonsteel(pandseachlessthan0.04%)like:Q215A,Q235BFandhighqualitycarbonsteel(pandseachlessthan0.03%)like:20#,45#,16Mnetc.alloysteelalsocontainselementscr,mo,vwithlessthantenpercentinadditiontothefiveordinaryelementsabovementioned.
stainlesssteel:withaashighas20percentpercentageofalloysuchascr,ni,etcadded.
forexample:
injapanandtheunitedstates:304(C