表示责备或遗憾的情态动词能有这种用法的情态动词有五个三类：只用于否定句的need；只用于否定句的could和might；既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句的should和ought to。后面都接“have＋过去分词”。◎ needn’t have done本不必做某事但却做了(做了不必做的事)◎ could / might have done本可以做某事但却没做 (没做可以做的事)注意：此用法不可用can / may◎ ought to / should have done本应该做某事但却没做 (没做该做的事)oughtn’t to / shoudn’t have done本不该做但却做了(做了不该做的事)考题实例：1. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. —You ________ her last week. (福建卷)A. ought to tell B. would have toldC. must tell D. should have told【分析】答案选D. 表示轻微的责备，“你本应该上个星期就告诉她的(但你却没有)”。2. We ________ last night, but we went to the concert instead. (全国卷)A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 【分析】答案选C. 表示自责或后悔“昨晚我们本应该学习的，但却…”3. Tom ought not to ________ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (全国卷)A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told【分析】答案选A。指汤姆做了不该做的事。(from www.nmet1687.com)4. I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word. (全国卷)A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave【分析】答案选B。表示轻微的责备，说对方做了不该做的事。5. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy. (全国卷)A. might have givenB. might give C. may have givenD. may give【分析】答案选A。轻微地指责他没做该的事。“他本可以给予你更多帮助的，即使他当时很忙。”此种用法不可用may。(from www.nmet1687.com)6. There was plenty of time. She ________. (全国卷)A. mustn’t have hurriedB. couldn’t have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn’t have hurried【分析】答案选D。由there was plenty of time推知，她当初“本不必那么匆忙的”。表示做了不必做的事用needn’t have done。[1][2]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~7. Jenny ________ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. (全国卷)A. must B. should C. need D. would【分析】答案选B。由“我不知道他为何改变了主意”推知Janny本应该恪守诺言，但却没有。8. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ________ for her. (全国卷)A. had to write it outB. must have written it out C. should have written it outD. ought to write it out【分析】答案选C。“…也许我本该把详细地此写给他的。”9. Mr. White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (广西卷)A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving【分析】答案选A. 表示本应该做但却没有做的事，用should have done表示。

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