想当然出错，都是逗号惹的祸有许多试题，由于同学们对句子结构分析不对，尤其是对句中的逗号判断失误，从而导致一些想当然的错误。本文例举几道典型试题，供同学们参考。1. If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.A. as B. which C. what D. that此题容易误选 A或B，想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样分析的同学，主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选D，逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。同样地，下面几题也应选 that，而不选 which：(1) If he’s only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. which C. what D. that(2) If you want to go, _______is quite all right with me. A. that B. which C. and it D. so(3) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that(4) If you want a double room , _____ will cost another ￡15. A. as B. which C. what D. that(5) If you have the money, _____ will be OK.A. as B. which C. and it D. that下例也选 that 而不选 which，其中 that 表示“那”：Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you’re wearing! A. as B. which C. what D. that2. Not far from the school there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that此题很容易误选B，许多同学想当然地认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为它没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词（seated 和 playing），但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学会问，其中的 seated 不可用作谓语动词吗？不能。因为seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。请再看一个类似的例子：(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that第(1)题应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)题应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例：(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：(1) There I met several people, two of _____ being foreigners.A. which B. them C. whom D. that(2) There I met several people, two of _____ were foreigners.A. which B. whom C. who D. that(3) There I met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners.A. which B. them C. whom D. that[1][2]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What此题很容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语，况且 It is (well) known to … 也是一个常用句型，读起来也很上口，但是选A错了。同学们仔细想想看，假若选 A，空格处填一个形式主语(it)，那么其后就应有一个真正的主语，但事实上没有。但是若句中的逗号改成 that，则只能选 A，因为这样一来，that 便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的最佳答案是 B，as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，可置于主句前(常译为“正如”)或主句后(常译为“这一点”)，句意为“正如大家所知，月球每月绕地球转一周”。4. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him. A. that B. it C. this D. which此题容易误选 A，因为 that’s why … 是一个常用表达，同学们极易受此影响而选错，当然若此句的空格前有连词 and 或其前的逗号改为分号，则完全可选that（分别构成并列句和两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部分为一个非限制性定语从句，which 指 He is always really rude. 另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）：(1) He had a lot of friends, none of ______ could lend him any money. A. whom B. them C. which D. who(2