短文改错的设错规律1. 单词的混用这种错误是指误用了某个在形式或意义上与正确的单词相似的单词。如：(1) Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses and trucks. 【解析】原文讲述噪音污染，所以，此处的voice应改为noise。(2) Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin. 【解析】此处as应改为like，as与like都可作介词用，表示“像……一样”时，应用like，而as表示“作为……”。2. 名词方面的语法错误关于辨别名词的错误应注意名词本身是可数名词还是不可数名词，同时应根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数形式来判断名词的单复数。此外，还应检查句子中的名词是否有格和名词前限定词用法等方面的错误。如：(1) We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club… (福建)【解析】应把weekend改为weekends。根据several可知，此处weekend应用其复数形式。(2) And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change my life. (辽宁)【解析】应把knowledges改为knowledge。knowledge是不可数名词，在句中应用其单数形式。(3) The play tells humorous stories that happen in the Green’s family. (重庆)【解析】去掉the。此处泛指格林一家无须再加定冠词the。(4) …and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books… (湖北)【解析】去掉the。此处泛指其他书本，故应去掉the。(5) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 【解析】此处意为“一座名山”，含有数量“一座”的意思，故famous mountain前应加不定冠词a。3. 动词用法方面的错误不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组易混淆的词，如：bear(忍受) / bear(生育)；find / found (建立)；fall / fell(砍倒)；lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay；hang(挂) / hang(绞死)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系)；在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词)；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式，必须与第一个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态；情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。如：(1) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or also each day. (全国卷)【解析】结合上一行，followed her advice和put down应是并列谓语，should用于此处显然是画蛇添足。(2)…and I wonder if you’ll free then so we could chat about the good older days. (山东)【解析】应在free前加be。You’ll是you will的缩写形式，其后不可直接接形容词作表语，必须加系动词be才能构成系表结构。(3)曲Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. (陕西)【解析】应在wanted后加不定式符号to。want表示“想要”的时候不能直接接动词原形作宾语，而必须接带to的不定式作宾语。[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]下一页 说明:引用此文请注明出处,并请保留该文章链接地址,谢谢~~4. 动词非谓语形式方面的错误辨别非谓语动词的常见错误时需要注意以下几点。看介词后接的是否是动名词；检查某些特定动词的后面只可接动名词的(如advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, include, mention, miss, mind, practise, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等)是否误用了不定式；检查某些特定动词的后面只可接带to的不定式的(如ask, afford, agree, decide, demand, dare, expect, fail, happen, hope, hesitate, manage, offer, ought, plan, intend, prepare, pretend, wish, refuse, promise等)是否误用了动名词；检查某些特定词的后面只跟不带to的不定式的(如had better, would rather, rather than等)是否多加to；检查需要用动词不定式的一般式的是否误用了其完成式；检查需要用动词不定式的完成式的是否误用了其一般式；检查句子中需要用现在分词作状语的是否误用了过去分词；检查句子中需要用过去分词的是否误用了现在分词；当不定式作宾语，且后面又有宾语补足语时，检查是否漏用it作形式宾语，因为这时通常将不定式后置了；注意区分几组特别的动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的不同，如surprising(令人吃惊的)，surprised(感到惊讶的)；interesting(令人感兴趣的)，interested(感兴趣的)；disappointing(令人失望的)，disappointed(感到失望的)；encouraging(令人鼓舞的)，encouraged(感到鼓舞的)。如：(1) Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. (福建)【解析】应把interested改为interesting。activities(活动)应该是“令人感兴趣”的才对，故此处要将interested改成inte