英语翻译Oceanographyhasbeendefinedastheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsof
英语翻译
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedastheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.
Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.
Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionorearlyintercontinentaltravelersorothers,whoearnedalivingfromtheseatherewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofileofroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.
ItwastoMauryoftheU.SNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyofthesea.
Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredbylivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientficopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.
WithinafewyearsOceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsfouryearsandledtoafivevolumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.