用英文描述改革开放30年的变化符合高中水平...档次太高不合-查字典问答网
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  用英文描述改革开放30年的变化符合高中水平...档次太高不合适的哦...语句也好..

  用英文描述改革开放30年的变化

  符合高中水平...

  档次太高不合适的哦...

  语句也好..

1回答
2020-06-09 07:59
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李润锋

  TheChineseeconomicreform(simplifiedChinese:改革开放;traditionalChinese:改革开放;pinyin:Găigékāifàng,literallyReformandOpening)referstotheprogramofeconomicreformscalled"SocialismwithChinesecharacteristics"inthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)thatwerestartedinDecember1978bypragmatistswithintheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)ledbyDengXiaopingandareongoingasoftheearly21stcentury.ThegoalofChineseeconomicreformwastogeneratesufficientsurplusvaluetofinancethemodernizationofthemainlandChineseeconomy.Neitherthesocialistcommandeconomy,favoredbyCPCconservatives,northeMaoistattemptataGreatLeapForwardfromsocialismtocommunisminChina'sagriculture(withthecommunesystem)hadgeneratedsufficientsurplusvalueforthesepurposes.Theinitialchallengeofeconomicreformwastosolvetheproblemsofmotivatingworkersandfarmerstoproducealargersurplusandtoeliminateeconomicimbalancesthatwerecommonincommandeconomies.Economicreformsstartedsince1978havehelpedliftmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty,bringingthepovertyratedownfrom53%ofthepopulationintheMaoerato12%in1981.Deng'seconomicreformsarestillbeingfollowedbytheCPCtodayandby2001thepovertyratebecameonly6%ofthepopulation.[1]

  Chineseeconomicreformhasbeenundertakenthroughaseriesofphasedreforms.Generally,thesereformswerenottheresultsofagrandstrategy,butasimmediateresponsestopressingproblems.Insomecases,suchastheclosingofstateenterprises,thegovernmenthasbeenforcedbyeventsandeconomiccircumstancestodothingsthatitdidnotwanttodo.Asof2005,70%ofChina'sGDPisintheprivatesector.Therelativelysmallpublicsectorisdominatedbyabout200largestateenterprisesconcentratingmostlyinutilities,heavyindustries,andenergyresources.[2]

  AlthoughChineseeconomicreformhasbeencharacterisedbymanyintheWestasareturntocapitalism,Chineseofficialshaveinsistedthatitisaformofsocialism,becausetodootherwisewouldcallintoquestiontheveryvalidityofMarxism,centralizedgovernmentplannedeconomyandthelegitimacyoftheregimeitself.However,theyhavenotarguedagainstthepremisethatmanyofthereformsinvolveadoptingeconomicpoliciesthatareinuseincapitalistnations,andoneofthepremisesofChineseeconomicreformisthatChinashouldnotavoidadopting"whateverworks"forideologicalreasons.

  Inaddition,manyoftheeconomicstructuresthathavebeencreatedinthecourseofChineseeconomicreformmayappearsuperficiallysimilartothosefoundinothernations,butareinfactunique.Thereformshappenedsimultaneouslywithreformsinothersocialistcountries.

2020-06-09 08:00:26

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