怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?如题,-查字典问答网
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  怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?如题,

  怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?

  如题,

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2020-06-11 02:53
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胡晓敏

  直接引语和间接引语(DirectSpeechandindirectSpeech)1

  关键词:英语语法,

  直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语.用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语.间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号.

  例如:MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy”布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)

  MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙.(间接引语)

  1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化.在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义.

  1)人称的变化

  a)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”他说:“我非常喜欢它.”

  Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他说他非常喜欢它.

  b)Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了.”

  Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了.

  2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化.如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化.

  时态的变化

  例句直接引语

  间接引语

  一般现在时

  →一般过去时

  Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork.”

  Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork.

  现在进行时

  →过去进行时

  Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”

  Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.

  现在完成时

  →过去完成时

  Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”

  ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.

  一般过去时

  →过去完成

  Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”

  Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.

  过去完成时不变

  Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”

  Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.

  3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:

  变化

  例句直接引语

  间接引语

  this-that

  这个-那个

  Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning."

  Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.

  these-those

  这些=那些

  Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."

  Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.

  now-then

  现在-那时

  Hesaid,"Itisnine0'clocknow."

  Hesaidthatitwasnine0'clockthen.

  today-thatday

  今天-那天

  Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."

  Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.

  yesterday-

  thedaybefore

  昨天-前一天

  shesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."

  Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.

  tomorrow-

  thenext

  (following)day

  明天-第二天

  shesaid,"I'llgotheretomorrow."

  Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.

  here-there

  这里-那里

  come-go

  来-去

  注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如:

  Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."

  Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.

  (2)如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go.如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.

  直接引语变间接引语.见下表.

  分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明

  当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:that

  (口语中常常省略)Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”

  --Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.

  Hesaid,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”

  --Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.

  Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”

  --Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词:that

  2.人称:1主,2宾,3不变

  3.时态.1.黑体部分是连接词.斜体部分为间接引语部分.

  2.间接引语部分均为陈述语序.

  3.间接引语部分实际上是宾语从

2020-06-11 02:55:36

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