怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?如题,
怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?
如题,
怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?如题,
怎么讲直接引语和间接引语比较明白?
如题,
直接引语和间接引语(DirectSpeechandindirectSpeech)1
关键词:英语语法,
直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语.用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语.间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号.
例如:MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy”布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)
MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙.(间接引语)
1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化.在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义.
1)人称的变化
a)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”他说:“我非常喜欢它.”
Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他说他非常喜欢它.
b)Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了.”
Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了.
2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化.如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化.
时态的变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
→一般过去时
Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork.”
Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork.
现在进行时
→过去进行时
Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”
Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.
现在完成时
→过去完成时
Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”
ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.
一般过去时
→过去完成
Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”
Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.
过去完成时不变
Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”
Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.
3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:
变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
this-that
这个-那个
Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning."
Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.
these-those
这些=那些
Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."
Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.
now-then
现在-那时
Hesaid,"Itisnine0'clocknow."
Hesaidthatitwasnine0'clockthen.
today-thatday
今天-那天
Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."
Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.
yesterday-
thedaybefore
昨天-前一天
shesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."
Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.
tomorrow-
thenext
(following)day
明天-第二天
shesaid,"I'llgotheretomorrow."
Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.
here-there
这里-那里
come-go
来-去
注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如:
Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
(2)如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go.如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.
直接引语变间接引语.见下表.
分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明
当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:that
(口语中常常省略)Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”
--Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.
Hesaid,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”
--Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.
Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”
--Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词:that
2.人称:1主,2宾,3不变
3.时态.1.黑体部分是连接词.斜体部分为间接引语部分.
2.间接引语部分均为陈述语序.
3.间接引语部分实际上是宾语从