ArthurSchopenhauer

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　　ArthurSchopenhauer

　　FullnameArthurSchopenhauer

　　Born22February1788(1788-02-22)

　　Danzig

　　Died21September1860(aged72)

　　Frankfurt

　　Era19thcenturyphilosophy

　　RegionWesternphilosophy

　　SchoolKantianism,idealism

　　MaininterestsMetaphysics,aesthetics,ethics,phenomenology,morality,psychology

　　NotableideasWill,Fourfoldrootofreason,pessimism

　　Influencedby[show]

　　Plato,Kant,Upanishads,Goethe,Shakespeare,Spinoza,GiordanoBruno,Locke,Hume,Berkeley,Buddhism

　　Influenced[show]

　　SamuelBeckett,HenriBergson,JorgeLuisBorges,LuitzenEgbertusJanBrouwer,JacobBurckhardt,ClarenceDarrow,AlbertEinstein,MihaiEminescu,SigmundFreud,JohnN.Gray,[1]KnutHamsun,ThomasHardy,EduardvonHartmann,HermannHesse,MaxHorkheimer,Joris-KarlHuysmans,JohannesItten,RobinsonJeffers,CarlJung,KarlKraus,JulesLaforgue,SuzanneLanger,ThomasMann,GuydeMaupassant,PhilippMainländer,EttoreMajorana,FriedrichNietzsche,KarlPopper,MarcelProust,GilbertRyle,GeorgeSantayana,Jean-PaulSartre,ErwinSchrödinger,DylanThomas,LeoTolstoy,HansVaihinger,Vivekananda,RichardWagner,OttoWeininger,LudwigWittgenstein,PeterWesselZapffe,MichelHouellebecq

　　Signature

　　Schopenhauer'sbirthplace—houseinDanzig,nowGdańsk,ul.Św.Ducha

　　GraveatFrankfurtHauptfriedhof

　　ArthurSchopenhauer(22February1788–21September1860)wasaGermanphilosopherknownforhispessimismandphilosophicalclarity.Atage25,hepublishedhisdoctoraldissertation,OntheFourfoldRootofthePrincipleofSufficientReason,whichexaminedthefundamentalquestionofwhetherreasonalonecanunlockanswersabouttheworld.

　　Schopenhauer'smostinfluentialwork,TheWorldasWillandRepresentation,claimedthattheworldisfundamentallywhatwerecognizeinourselvesasourwill.Hisanalysisofwillledhimtotheconclusionthatemotional,physical,andsexualdesirescanneverbefulfilled.Consequently,heeloquentlydescribedalifestyleofnegatingdesires,similartotheasceticteachingsofVedantaandtheDesertFathersofearlyChristianity.[2]

　　Schopenhauer'smetaphysicalanalysisofwill,hisviewsonhumanmotivationanddesire,andhisaphoristicwritingstyleinfluencedmanywell-knownthinkersincludingFriedrichNietzsche,[3]RichardWagner,LudwigWittgenstein,ErwinSchrödinger,AlbertEinstein,[4]SigmundFreud,OttoRank,CarlGustavJung,LeoTolstoy,andJorgeLuisBorges.